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How to Write a Cover Letter

Seven steps, twenty focused minutes, 250–400 words. A cover letter has exactly one job — connect your two or three strongest results to this specific role, in the employer's own language — and everything in this guide serves that. It's the same structure pre-built into every letter template on this site.

The seven steps

From posting to sent.

1
Do ten minutes of research first
Three findings before you write: the hiring manager’s name(check the posting, the team page, LinkedIn), the posting’s two or three emphasized requirements (the ones repeated or listed first), and one specific, true thing about the company you can point to. These three findings are the whole difference between a letter that reads written-for-this-job and a blast.
2
Set up the letter, don't design it
Header with your contact details, the date, the recipient block, a salutation, three to five paragraphs, “Sincerely,” your name. Every template in our library has this pre-built with [bracketed] prompts — spend your time on the words, not the margins.
3
Open by naming the job and your reason
The first two lines carry the whole letter: the exact role title, where you saw it, and the specific reason from your research. Skip the throat-clearing (“I am writing to express my strong interest…”) — a hiring manager reading fifty of these notices the one that gets to the point with their company’s name in a sentence that couldn’t be pasted anywhere else.
4
Spend the middle on matched evidence
Take the two or three requirements from your research and answer each with a result — numbers where you have them. This is the part people get backwards: the middle isn’t a prose version of your resume, it’s a targeted response to theirstated needs. If a sentence doesn’t connect you to something in the posting, cut it.
5
Close with a direct ask
One sentence asking for the conversation, one thanking them, availability if it helps. “I’d welcome the chance to discuss how my experience fits the role” is confident without being presumptuous. Then “Sincerely,” and your name — no postscripts, no “references available.”
6
Cut it to 250–400 words
First drafts run long. Cut to 250–400 words — half to three-quarters of a page — and when in doubt, delete the paragraph that restates your resume; it’s always the one. A tight three-paragraph letter signals confidence and respect for the reader’s time, which is itself a qualification.
7
Send it the right way for the channel
Uploading to a portal? Export a PDF in the same design family as your resume. Sending by email? The email body is the letter — use the shorter email cover letter form(60–150 words, subject line included) with the resume attached as FirstLast-Resume.pdf.
Sticking points

Cover letter writing FAQ

What should the first sentence of a cover letter say?
Name the exact role and where you found it, plus — if you can manage it in the same breath — the one-line reason you want it at this company: 'I'm applying for the Service Desk Analyst role posted on your careers page; after three years beating SLAs at a 8,000-user desk, your team's metrics-first culture is exactly where I want to work.' What it should never be: 'To Whom It May Concern,' your life story, or a sentence that would work at any company.
What tone should a cover letter have — formal or conversational?
Professional-conversational: contractions are fine, corporate throat-clearing is not. Write like a competent person explaining, in plain sentences, why they fit — not like a legal filing ('Pursuant to your posting…') and not like a text ('Hey! Saw your ad…'). Calibrate slightly by field: banking and law lean formal, startups and creative fields lean warmer, but plain and specific wins everywhere.
Should I mention salary expectations in a cover letter?
No — unless the posting explicitly requires it, in which case give a researched range and move on ('My expectation is in the $65–75k range, flexible with the full package'). Volunteering a number unprompted can only anchor you low or screen you out early; the letter's job is to earn the conversation where negotiating actually happens.
How do I explain a layoff or employment gap in a cover letter?
One matter-of-fact sentence, no apology, pivoted immediately to the present: 'After my role was eliminated in the 2025 restructuring, I completed my Security+ certification and I'm targeting SOC roles like this one.' Layoffs carry no stigma in 2026 — what reads badly is visible anxiety about it, or spending a paragraph on the past instead of the pitch.
Is it okay to use AI to write my cover letter?
As a drafting tool, yes — as a ghostwriter, no. Hiring managers now read stacks of same-sounding AI letters, and generic-fluent is the new 'To Whom It May Concern.' The letter only works if it contains what a model can't know: the real reason you want this job, your actual numbers, the company detail you genuinely noticed. Our templates take the same position — structure provided, the three or four sentences that matter are yours.
Do cover letters actually get read?
Often enough to matter, and most reliably at the exact moments you want them to: when a hiring manager is deciding between comparable resumes, at small companies where one person reads everything, and in fields where writing is part of the job. Surveys consistently find a majority of hiring managers read them at least sometimes and weigh a good one favorably. The expected value of 20 focused minutes is strongly positive — especially where the letter is 'optional' and most applicants skip it.

How to write a cover letter — step-by-step guide · Updated July 2026

Put it to work

Start from the structure.

Step two
Cover Letter Templates
34 templates by style, situation, and role — the business-letter format from step 2, pre-built.
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Step seven
Email Cover Letters
The shorter form for when the email body is the letter — subject lines included.
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Companion guide
How to Write a Resume
Eight steps for the document your letter is introducing.
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